TM80ACNR.
Jean Moulin and the National Council of the Resistance
TMxxCNR special indicator to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the creation of the CNR, National Council of the Resistance, on May 27, 1943, and the assassination of Prefect Jean Moulin on July 8, 1943.
After the armistice request and the surrender of Marshal Pétain, and after the call of General De Gaulle on June 18, 1940, many resistance movements were spontaneously formed all over France. In January 1942, General de Gaulle entrusted Jean Moulin with the creation of the National Council of the Resistance (CNR) to unify and coordinate these different movements, unions and political parties, all of which were hostile to the Vichy government. In 1937, Jean Moulin became the youngest prefect in France. He was assigned to various departments, and was appointed to Chartres, in the Eure et Loir, in 1939. The CNR was created 17 months later, on May 27, 1943, with a double program: coordinated resistance actions and social and economic reforms to be applied as soon as the territory was liberated.
Jean Moulin's mission.
The leaders of Free France noted and regretted that the Resistance movements were for the most part poorly organized and poorly coordinated, except for the Francs-Tireurs Partisans (FTP) and other Resistance fighters of communist persuasion. This compartmentalization hindered the effectiveness of their actions.
The meeting of May 27, 1943, which led to the creation of the CNR, was to have considerable political importance, as Robert Chambeiron said: "in metropolitan France, before May 27, there were Resistance groups; afterwards, there was THE Resistance. This meeting was attended by:
-the representatives of the 8 major resistance movements: Dép
- Pierre Villon of the "National Resistance Front" created by the French Communist Party
- Roger Coquoin for "Ceux de la Libération
- Jacques Lecompte-Boinet for "Those of the Resistance
- Charles Laurent for "Libération-Nord
- Pascal Copeau for "Libération-Sud
- Jacques-Henri Simon for "Organisation Civile et Militaire
- Ginette Cros for the "Front Patriotique de la Jeunesse
- Claude Bourdet for "Combat
- Eugène Claudius-Petit for "Franc-Tireur
-representatives of the 2 major pre-war unions: ◾Louis Saillant for the CGT
◾Gaston Tessier for the CFTC
-and representatives of the 6 main political parties of the Third Republic: ◾André Mercier for the PCF
◾André Le Troquer for the SFIO
◾Marc Rucart for the Radical Party
◾Georges Bidault for the Parti Démocrate Populaire (Christian Democracy)
◾Joseph Laniel for the Democratic Alliance (moderate and secular right)
◾Jacques Debû-Bridel for the Republican Federation (conservative and Catholic right)
[Just a few days after the creation of the CNR, Jean Moulin was denounced and captured in Caluire by the SS. He was tortured for three days by Klaus Barbie and died on July 8, 1943 during his transfer to Germany, without having revealed anything to his torturers. His silence prevented the Nazis from dismantling the CNR, which nevertheless decided to put an end to the plenary sessions for safety reasons].
After the creation of the CNR, France became a full-fledged allied country and as such, was present at the surrender of the Nazi armies on May 8, 1945. On the other hand, the Allies had to abandon their plan to administer France themselves as it was liberated. And, because of the CNR, Jean Moulin and de Gaulle, when the United Nations was created, France would be one of the five major powers to have a permanent seat on the Security Council.
The program of the National Council of the Resistance was adopted on March 15, 1944. It consists of two parts, a "plan for immediate action" which concerns the coordination of resistance actions, and a list of "measures to be applied as soon as the territory is liberated", a sort of government program.
Among the measures that were applied after the Liberation were the nationalization of energy (creation of Électricité de France in 1946, re-nationalization of the large companies exploited by the occupying forces, in particular Renault, the SNCF, Air France, and large banks), the nationalization of insurance (AGF in 1945) and banks (Crédit Lyonnais in 1945, Société Générale in 1946), and the creation of a general Social Security system for all, providing for the reimbursement of medical expenses and unemployment benefits. Other main lines of the CNR program still constitute the major part of the social gains of the second half of the 20th century.
From 1946-1947, the Departmental Liberation Committees were replaced by the new prefectural administrations, appointed by the Provisional Government.
Participating codes :
1.department 01: TM01CNR
2.department 12 : TM12CNR
Department 17: TM17CNR
Department 19: TM19CNR
Department 60: TM60CNR
Department 62: TM62CNR
Department 69: TM3CNR
Department 87: TM87CNR
9.department 93 : TM93CNR
Jean Moulin and the National Council of the Resistance
TMxxCNR special indicator to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the creation of the CNR, National Council of the Resistance, on May 27, 1943, and the assassination of Prefect Jean Moulin on July 8, 1943.
After the armistice request and the surrender of Marshal Pétain, and after the call of General De Gaulle on June 18, 1940, many resistance movements were spontaneously formed all over France. In January 1942, General de Gaulle entrusted Jean Moulin with the creation of the National Council of the Resistance (CNR) to unify and coordinate these different movements, unions and political parties, all of which were hostile to the Vichy government. In 1937, Jean Moulin became the youngest prefect in France. He was assigned to various departments, and was appointed to Chartres, in the Eure et Loir, in 1939. The CNR was created 17 months later, on May 27, 1943, with a double program: coordinated resistance actions and social and economic reforms to be applied as soon as the territory was liberated.
Jean Moulin's mission.
The leaders of Free France noted and regretted that the Resistance movements were for the most part poorly organized and poorly coordinated, except for the Francs-Tireurs Partisans (FTP) and other Resistance fighters of communist persuasion. This compartmentalization hindered the effectiveness of their actions.
The meeting of May 27, 1943, which led to the creation of the CNR, was to have considerable political importance, as Robert Chambeiron said: "in metropolitan France, before May 27, there were Resistance groups; afterwards, there was THE Resistance. This meeting was attended by:
-the representatives of the 8 major resistance movements: Dép
- Pierre Villon of the "National Resistance Front" created by the French Communist Party
- Roger Coquoin for "Ceux de la Libération
- Jacques Lecompte-Boinet for "Those of the Resistance
- Charles Laurent for "Libération-Nord
- Pascal Copeau for "Libération-Sud
- Jacques-Henri Simon for "Organisation Civile et Militaire
- Ginette Cros for the "Front Patriotique de la Jeunesse
- Claude Bourdet for "Combat
- Eugène Claudius-Petit for "Franc-Tireur
-representatives of the 2 major pre-war unions: ◾Louis Saillant for the CGT
◾Gaston Tessier for the CFTC
-and representatives of the 6 main political parties of the Third Republic: ◾André Mercier for the PCF
◾André Le Troquer for the SFIO
◾Marc Rucart for the Radical Party
◾Georges Bidault for the Parti Démocrate Populaire (Christian Democracy)
◾Joseph Laniel for the Democratic Alliance (moderate and secular right)
◾Jacques Debû-Bridel for the Republican Federation (conservative and Catholic right)
[Just a few days after the creation of the CNR, Jean Moulin was denounced and captured in Caluire by the SS. He was tortured for three days by Klaus Barbie and died on July 8, 1943 during his transfer to Germany, without having revealed anything to his torturers. His silence prevented the Nazis from dismantling the CNR, which nevertheless decided to put an end to the plenary sessions for safety reasons].
After the creation of the CNR, France became a full-fledged allied country and as such, was present at the surrender of the Nazi armies on May 8, 1945. On the other hand, the Allies had to abandon their plan to administer France themselves as it was liberated. And, because of the CNR, Jean Moulin and de Gaulle, when the United Nations was created, France would be one of the five major powers to have a permanent seat on the Security Council.
The program of the National Council of the Resistance was adopted on March 15, 1944. It consists of two parts, a "plan for immediate action" which concerns the coordination of resistance actions, and a list of "measures to be applied as soon as the territory is liberated", a sort of government program.
Among the measures that were applied after the Liberation were the nationalization of energy (creation of Électricité de France in 1946, re-nationalization of the large companies exploited by the occupying forces, in particular Renault, the SNCF, Air France, and large banks), the nationalization of insurance (AGF in 1945) and banks (Crédit Lyonnais in 1945, Société Générale in 1946), and the creation of a general Social Security system for all, providing for the reimbursement of medical expenses and unemployment benefits. Other main lines of the CNR program still constitute the major part of the social gains of the second half of the 20th century.
From 1946-1947, the Departmental Liberation Committees were replaced by the new prefectural administrations, appointed by the Provisional Government.
Participating codes :
1.department 01: TM01CNR
2.department 12 : TM12CNR
Department 17: TM17CNR
Department 19: TM19CNR
Department 60: TM60CNR
Department 62: TM62CNR
Department 69: TM3CNR
Department 87: TM87CNR
9.department 93 : TM93CNR
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