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    Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal with possible mild degradations during local nighttime hours from late Thursday through early Friday.
    __________________________________________________ _____________

    The Thursday May 2nd W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

    The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 136 and is likely to remain about the same through Friday.
    http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

    SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 104 and is likely to remain about the same through Friday.
    www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

    The visible solar disk has one large and five small active regions containing 44 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 640 micro solar hemispheres (about four times the surface area of the Earth).
    www.solarham.net/regions.htm

    Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 450 km/second through Friday.
    www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

    Geomagnetic activity is likely to be mostly unsettled to active through Friday. There is a chance of a minor geomagnetic storm from late Thursday through early Friday.
    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
    www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

    Minor to moderate radio blackouts are likely on Thursday declining to a chance on Friday caused by M-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts through Friday caused by X-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth.
    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

    Solar radiation storms degrading HF propagation crossing polar regions are not expected through Friday.
    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

    160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Friday.

    40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mildly degraded after 0000Z Friday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be normal on Thursday with possible mild degradations on Friday.

    30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with possible mild degradations during local nighttime hours from late Thursday to early Friday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

    20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with possible mild degradations during local nighttime hours from late Thursday until early Friday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July.

    17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with possible mild degradations during local nighttime hours from late Thursday to early Friday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal through Friday.

    12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal with possible mild degradations during local nighttime hours from late Thursday to early Friday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal through Friday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen atoms available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.

    There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

    Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
    storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

    Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 63 minutes earlier and sunset is 44 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

    EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
    earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

    Dr. Tamitha Skov’s Space Weather News is published on Wednesdays at
    www.patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman

    Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
    https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

    SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

    The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at
    http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

    SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

    UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

    UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
    https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated
    UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
    https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

    N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
    www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

    KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
    https://prop.kc2g.com

    SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

    SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

    GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
    https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

    SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
    www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

    Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
    www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

    Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
    http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.com
    73 Al 4L5A

    Comment

    •  

      Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal. Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mildly degraded through midday Saturday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be severely degraded through midday Friday, mildly degraded through early Saturday improving to mostly normal through Sunday.
      __________________________________________________ _____________

      The Friday May 3rd W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

      The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 143 and is likely to remain about the same through Sunday.
      http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

      SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 118 and is likely to remain about the same through Sunday.
      www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

      The visible solar disk has three moderate, three small and two very small active regions containing 55 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 760 micro solar hemispheres (about four times the surface area of the Earth).
      www.solarham.net/regions.htm

      Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 450 km/second or more through Sunday.
      www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

      Geomagnetic activity is likely to be mostly unsettled to active through early Saturday, mostly unsettled to active through early Saturday improving to mostly quiet to unsettled through late Sunday. There is a chance of a minor to strong storm geomagnetic storms through midday Friday, a chance of a minor geomagnetic storm early Saturday and a slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm early Sunday.
      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
      www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

      Minor to moderate radio blackouts are likely through Sunday caused by M-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth. There is a chance of strong radio blackouts through Sunday caused by X-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth.
      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

      There is a slight chance that solar radiation storms may mildly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Sunday.
      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

      160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Sunday.

      40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mildly degraded after 0000Z through Sunday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be moderately degraded on Friday, mildly degraded on Saturday and mostly normal on Sunday.

      30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded through midday Friday, mildly degraded through early Saturday improving to mostly normal through late Sunday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

      20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded through midday Friday, mildly degraded through early Saturday improving to mostly normal through late Sunday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July.

      17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded through midday Friday, mildly degraded through early Saturday improving to mostly normal through late Sunday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be moderately degraded on Friday, mildly degraded on Saturday and mostly normal on Sunday.

      12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be moderately degraded through midday Friday, mildly degraded through early Saturday improving to mostly normal through late Sunday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be moderately degraded on Friday, mildly degraded on Saturday and mostly normal on Sunday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.

      There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

      Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
      storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

      Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 65 minutes earlier and sunset is 46 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

      EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
      earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

      Dr. Tamitha Skov’s Space Weather Briefing is posted on Wednesdays at
      www.patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman

      Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
      https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

      SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

      The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at
      http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

      SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

      UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

      UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
      https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

      UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
      https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

      N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
      www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

      KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
      https://prop.kc2g.com

      SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

      SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

      GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
      https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

      SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
      www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

      Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
      www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

      Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
      http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.com
      73 Al 4L5A

      Comment

      •  

        Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal. Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mildly degraded then mostly normal after midday Monday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be moderately degraded then mostly normal after midday Monday.
        __________________________________________________ _____________

        The Monday May 6th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

        The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 165 and is likely to remain about the same through Tuesday.
        http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

        SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 165 and is likely to remain about the same through Tuesday.
        www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

        The visible solar disk has two large, two moderate, three small and two very small active regions containing 62 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1540 micro solar hemispheres (about nine times the surface area of the Earth).
        www.solarham.net/regions.htm

        Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 450 km/second or more, improving to about 400 km/second or less after midday Tuesday.
        www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

        Minor to moderate geomagnetic storm conditions are likely through midday Monday, improving to mostly unsettled to active through midday Tuesday, then mostly quiet to unsettled through late Tuesday. There is a slight chance of strong to severe geomagnetic storm conditions early Monday.
        http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
        www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

        Minor to moderate radio blackouts are expected through Tuesday caused by M-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth. There is a chance of strong radio blackouts through Tuesday caused by X-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth.
        http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

        There is a slight chance that solar radiation storms may mildly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Tuesday.
        http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

        160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Tuesday.

        40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z Tuesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded on Monday and mostly normal on Tuesday.

        30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded though midday Monday then improving to mostly normal through late Tuesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

        20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded though midday Monday then improving to mostly normal through late Tuesday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July.

        17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded though midday Monday then improving to mostly normal through late Tuesday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Monday and mostly normal on Tuesday.

        12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded though midday Monday then improving to mostly normal through late Tuesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Monday and mostly normal on Tuesday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.

        There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

        Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
        storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

        Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 67 minutes earlier and sunset is 48 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

        EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
        earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

        Dr. Tamitha Skov’s Space Weather Briefing is posted on Wednesdays at
        www.patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman

        Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
        https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

        SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

        The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at
        http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

        SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

        UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

        UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
        https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

        UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
        https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

        N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
        www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

        KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
        https://prop.kc2g.com

        SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
        http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

        SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

        GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
        https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

        SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
        www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

        Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
        www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

        Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
        http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.com
        73 Al 4L5A

        Comment

        •  

          Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal through Wednesday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal improving to normal after midday Wednesday.
          __________________________________________________ _____________

          The Tuesday May 7th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

          The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 202 and is likely to remain about the same through Wednesday.
          http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

          SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 191 and is likely to remain about the same through Wednesday.
          www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

          The visible solar disk has two large, one moderate, two small and four very small active regions containing 58 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1470 micro solar hemispheres (about nine times the surface area of the Earth).
          www.solarham.net/regions.htm

          Solar wind speed is likely to be moderately elevated at 500 km/second or more, improving to about 450 km/second or less after midday Wednesday.
          www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

          Mostly quiet to unsettled are likely through midday Wednesday, improving to mostly quiet through late Wednesday. There is a chance of isolated minor geomagnetic storm conditions early Tuesday.
          http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
          www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

          Minor to moderate radio blackouts are expected through Wednesday caused by M-class solar flares mildly and briefly degrading propagation crossing much of the sunlit side of the Earth. There is a high chance of strong radio blackouts through Wednesday caused by X-class solar flares moderately to strongly degrading propagation crossing most of the sunlit side of the Earth for as much as an hour.
          http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

          There is a chance that weak solar radiation storms may mildly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Wednesday.
          http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

          160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Wednesday.

          40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be normal after 0000Z Wednesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be normal through Wednesday.

          30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal improving to normal after midday Wednesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

          20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal improving to normal after midday Wednesday.. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July.

          17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal improving to normal after midday Wednesday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal through Wednesday.

          12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal improving to normal after midday Wednesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal through Wednesday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.

          There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

          Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
          storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

          Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 68 minutes earlier and sunset is 49 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

          EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
          earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

          Dr. Tamitha Skov’s Space Weather Briefing is posted on Wednesdays at
          www.patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman

          Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
          https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

          SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

          The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at
          http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

          SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

          UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

          UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
          https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

          UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
          https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

          N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
          www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

          KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
          https://prop.kc2g.com

          SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
          http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

          SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

          GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
          https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

          SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
          www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

          Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
          www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

          Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
          http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.com
          73 Al 4L5A

          Comment

          •  

            X-class solar flares moderately to strongly degrade propagation crossing large portions of the sunlit side of the Earth – most severe near the sub-solar point --for about an hour.
            73 Al 4L5A

            Comment

            •  

              Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal through Friday.
              Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be normal but mildly degrading after midday Friday.
              Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal but significantly degrading after midday Friday
              __________________________________________________ _____________________________________

              The Thursday May 9th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX.

              All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

              The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 263 and is likely to remain about the same through Friday.
              www.spaceweather.gc.ca/forecast-prevision/solar-solaire/solarflux/sx-4-en.php

              SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 153 and is likely to significantly increase through Friday.
              www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

              The visible solar disk has two very large, one large, two small and one very small active region containing 82 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1890 micro solar hemispheres (about eleven times the surface area of the Earth).
              www.solarham.net/regions.htm


              Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 500 km/second or less becoming strongly enhanced to more than 500 km/second after midday Friday due to effects of two Earth directed CMEs.
              www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

              Quiet to unsettled geomagnetic activity is likely through midday Thursday, degrading to unsettled to active through midday Friday. Minor geomagnetic storm conditions are likely after midday Friday with a chance of a strong geomagnetic storm.
              www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-mass-ejections
              www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

              Frequent M-class solar flares are expected to cause frequent minor to moderate radio blackouts through Friday, mildly degrading propagation crossing near the sub-solar point on the sunlit side of the Earth for tens of minutes during each event. Strong radio blackouts are likely through Friday caused by X-class solar flares moderately to strongly degrading propagation crossing large portions of the sunlit side of the Earth – most severe near the sub-solar point – with a duration of about an hour during each event.
              www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-flares-radio-blackouts

              There is a chance that weak solar radiation storms may mildly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Friday.
              www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-radiation-storm

              160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Friday.

              40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z Friday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday and moderately degraded on Friday.

              30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but becoming significantly degraded after midday Friday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

              Excellent worldwide 20 meter propagation is likely throughout Thursday night but becoming significantly degrading after midday Friday. Propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but becoming significantly degraded after midday Friday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July.


              Excellent worldwide 17 and 15 meter propagation is likely throughout Thursday night but becoming significantly degraded after midday Friday. Propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but degrading significantly after midday Friday. Propagation crossing northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday but moderately degraded on Friday.

              Excellent worldwide 12 and 10 meter propagation is likely through about midnight Thursday. Excellent propagation is likely early Friday becoming significantly degraded after midday Friday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday but moderately degraded on Friday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.

              There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

              Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic

              storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

              Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 70 minutes earlier and sunset is 51 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

              EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
              earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

              Dr. Tamitha Skov’s 7 May Space Weather Live Briefing is posted at
              www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDEWbYqyNAo

              Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
              https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

              SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

              The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at
              www.spaceweather.gc.ca/forecast-prevision/solar-solaire/solarflux/sx-5-flux-en.php

              SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png


              73 Al 4L5A

              Comment

              •  

                Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be mostly normal, becoming moderately degraded from late Friday through midday Saturday, improving to mildly degraded through early Sunday, further improving to mostly normal through late Sunday.

                Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal, becoming moderately degraded from late Friday through late Saturday, improving to mildly degraded through midday Sunday, further improving to mostly normal through late Sunday.

                Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal, becoming severely degraded from late Friday through late Saturday, then improving to moderately degraded by midday Sunday.
                __________________________________________________ _____________

                The Friday May 10th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

                The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 234 and is likely to remain about the same through Sunday.
                http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

                SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 192 and is likely to remain about the same through Saturday.
                www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                The visible solar disk has two very large, one large, three small and one very small active region containing 100 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1680 micro solar hemispheres (about ten times the surface area of the Earth).
                www.solarham.net/regions.htm

                Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 500 km/second or less through late Friday becoming moderately enhanced to more than 500 km/second through late Saturday due to the effects of multiple Earth directed CMEs, gradually declining to below 500 km/second by midday Sunday.
                www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

                Unsettled to active geomagnetic activity is likely through late Friday. Minor to severe geomagnetic storms are expected from late Friday through midday Saturday. Minor to moderate geomagnetic storms are expected from midday Saturday through midday Sunday. Unsettled to active geomagnetic conditions are likely after midday Sunday,
                http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
                www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

                Frequent M-class solar flares are expected to cause frequent minor to moderate radio blackouts through Sunday, mildly degrading propagation crossing near the sub-solar point on the sunlit side of the Earth for tens of minutes during each event. Strong radio blackouts caused by X-class solar flares are highly likely during Friday and Saturday causing moderately to strongly degrading propagation crossing large portions of the sunlit side of the Earth – most severe when crossing near the sub-solar point – with a duration of about an hour during each event.
                http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts
                Weak solar radiation storms are likely to mildly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Saturday.
                http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

                160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday, moderately degraded through midday Saturday, mildly degraded through late Saturday, then improving to normal through Sunday.

                40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be moderately degraded after 0015Z Saturday and Sunday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, severely degraded on Saturday then improving to mostly normal by midday Sunday.

                30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday, severely degraded through midday Saturday, moderately degraded through early Sunday then improving to mostly normal by midday Sunday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday, severely degraded through midday Saturday, moderately degraded through early Sunday then improving to mostly normal by midday Sunday.

                17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday, severely degraded through midday Saturday, moderately degraded through early Sunday then improving to mostly normal by midday Sunday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, severely degraded on Saturday and moderately degraded on Sunday.

                12 and 10 meter propagation is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday, severely degraded through midday Saturday, moderately degraded through early Sunday then improving to mostly normal by midday Sunday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, severely degraded on Saturday and moderately degraded on Sunday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.

                There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

                Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
                storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

                Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 72 minutes earlier and sunset is 52 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

                EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
                earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

                Dr. Tamitha Skov’s 7 May Space Weather Live Briefing is posted at
                www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDEWbYqyNAo

                Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
                https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

                SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at
                http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

                SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

                UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

                UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
                https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

                UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
                https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

                N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
                www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

                KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
                https://prop.kc2g.com

                73 Al 4L5A

                Comment

                •  

                  Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal through Tuesday.



                  Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal through Tuesday.



                  Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be moderately degraded, improving to mildly degraded by late Tuesday.

                  __________________________________________________ _____________

                  The Monday May 13th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX . All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.



                  The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 222 and is likely to remain about the same through Tuesday.

                  [ http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php | http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php ]



                  SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 186 and is likely to remain about the same through Tuesday.

                  [ https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png | www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png ]



                  The visible solar disk has one giant, one large and four small active regions containing 66 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 2460 micro solar hemispheres (about 15 times the surface area of the Earth).
                  [ https://www.solarham.net/regions.htm | www.solarham.net/regions.htm ]



                  Solar wind speed is likely to be moderately elevated at about 700 km/second or less through late Monday gradually declining to about 500 km/second by late Tuesday due to the waning effects of multiple Earth directed CMEs



                  Mostly unsettled to active geomagnetic activity is likely through Tuesday. Minor to severe geomagnetic storms are expected through early Tuesday.

                  [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections ]

                  [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes | www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes ]



                  Frequent M-class solar flares are expected to cause frequent minor to moderate radio blackouts through Tuesday, mildly degrading propagation crossing near the sub-solar point on the sunlit side of the Earth for tens of minutes during each event. Strong radio blackouts caused by X-class solar flares are likely during Monday causing moderately to strongly degrading propagation crossing large portions of the sunlit side of the Earth – most severe when crossing near the sub-solar point – with a duration of about an hour during each event.

                  [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts ]



                  Weak solar radiation storms are likely to mildly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Tuesday.

                  [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm ]



                  160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Tuesday.



                  40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be moderately degraded after 0015Z Tuesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded on Tuesday .


                  30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded after midday Tuesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                  20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded after midday Tuesday.


                  17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded after midday Tuesday . 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded on Tuesday.



                  12 and 10 meter propagation is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded after midday Tuesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded on Tuesday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.



                  There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: [ http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf | http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf ]

                  Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic

                  storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.



                  Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 74 minutes earlier and sunset is 54 minutes later than on March 20th . Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.



                  EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at

                  [ https://earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-ac...aurora-updates | earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates ]




                  Dr. Tamitha Skov’s 7 May Space Weather Live Briefing is posted at

                  [ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDEWbYqyNAo | www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDEWbYqyNAo ]



                  Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at

                  [ https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html | https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html ]


                  SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at [ http://www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png | www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png ]




                  The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at

                  [ http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php | http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php ]

                  SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at [ https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png/ | https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png ]




                  UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422 | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422 ]




                  UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at

                  [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated ]




                  UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at

                  [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated ]


                  N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at

                  [ http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html | www.hamqsl.com/solar.html ]



                  KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at

                  [ https://prop.kc2g.com/ | https://prop.kc2g.com ]

                  SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength , solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at

                  [ http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot ]



                  \
                  73 Al 4L5A

                  Comment

                  •  

                    Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal but moderately degraded from midday Tuesday through early Wednesday.



                    Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal but moderately degraded from midday Tuesday through early Wednesday.



                    Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mildly degraded but moderately degraded from midday Tuesday through early Wednesday.

                    __________________________________________________ _____________

                    The Tuesday May 14th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX . All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.



                    The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 212 and is likely to remain about the same through Wednesday.

                    [ http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php | http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php ]



                    SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 225 and is likely to remain about the same through Wednesday.

                    [ https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png | www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png ]



                    The visible solar disk has one giant, two large, three small and six very small active regions containing 77 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1800 micro solar hemispheres (about 11 times the surface area of the Earth).
                    [ https://www.solarham.net/regions.htm | www.solarham.net/regions.htm ]



                    Solar wind speed is likely to be moderately elevated at about 500 km/second or less through late Tuesday but increasing to 500 km/second or more from late Tuesday through early Wednesday due to influences of multiple CMEs



                    Mostly unsettled to active geomagnetic activity is likely through late Wednesday. Minor to moderate geomagnetic storms are expected from midday Tuesday through early Wednesday. There is a chance of strong geomagnetic storms late Tuesday.

                    [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections ]

                    [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes | www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes ]



                    Frequent M-class solar flares are expected to cause frequent minor to moderate radio blackouts through early Wednesday, mildly degrading propagation crossing near the sub-solar point on the sunlit side of the Earth for tens of minutes during each event. Strong radio blackouts caused by X-class solar flares are likely late Tuesday causing moderately to strongly degrading propagation crossing large portions of the sunlit side of the Earth – most severe when crossing near the sub-solar point – with a duration of about an hour during each event.

                    [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts ]



                    Weak solar radiation storms are expected to mildly to moderately degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through late Tuesday.

                    [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm ]



                    160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Wednesday.



                    40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be moderately degraded after 0015Z Wednesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal through Wednesday .


                    30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but mildly to moderately degraded from midday Tuesday through early Wednesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                    20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but mildly to moderately degraded from midday Tuesday through early Wednesday.


                    17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but mildly to moderately degraded from midday Tuesday through early Wednesday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal through Wednesday.



                    12 and 10 meter propagation is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded after midday Wednesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be moderately degraded improving to mildly degraded on Wednesday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization degrading daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.



                    There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: [ http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf | http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf ]

                    Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic

                    storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.



                    Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 75 minutes earlier and sunset is 55 minutes later than on March 20th . Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.



                    EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at

                    [ https://earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-ac...aurora-updates | earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates ]




                    Dr. Tamitha Skov’s 7 May Space Weather Live Briefing is posted at

                    [ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDEWbYqyNAo | www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDEWbYqyNAo ]



                    Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at

                    [ https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html | https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html ]


                    SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at [ http://www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png | www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png ]




                    The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at

                    [ http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php | http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php ]

                    SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at [ https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png/ | https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png ]




                    UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422 | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422 ]




                    UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at

                    [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated ]




                    UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at

                    [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated ]


                    N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at

                    [ http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html | www.hamqsl.com/solar.html ]






                    73 Al 4L5A

                    Comment

                    •  

                      Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal through Thursday.



                      Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday.



                      Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be moderately degraded on Wednesday and mildly degraded on Thursday.

                      __________________________________________________ _____________

                      The Wednesday May 15th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX . All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.



                      The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 208 and is likely to remain about the same through Thursday.

                      [ http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php | http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php ]



                      SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 186 and is likely to remain about the same through Thursday.

                      [ https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png | www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png ]



                      The visible solar disk has four large, two small and six very small active regions containing 65 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 860 micro solar hemispheres (about five times the surface area of the Earth).
                      [ https://www.solarham.net/regions.htm | www.solarham.net/regions.htm ]



                      Solar wind speed is likely to be moderately elevated at about 500 km/second or more through Thursday due to influences of multiple CMEs and a coronal hole high speed stream.



                      Mostly quiet to unsettled geomagnetic activity is likely through Thursday.

                      [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections ]

                      [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes | www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes ]



                      M-class solar flares are expected to cause minor to moderate radio blackouts through Wednesday with a slight chance on Thursday, mildly degrading propagation crossing near the sub-solar point on the sunlit side of the Earth for tens of minutes during each event. There is a chance of strong radio blackouts caused by X-class solar flares on Wednesday and a very slight chance on Thursday, causing moderately to strongly degrading propagation crossing large portions of the sunlit side of the Earth – most severe when crossing near the sub-solar point – with a duration of about an hour during each event.

                      [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts ]



                      Weak solar radiation storms are expected to mildly to moderately degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions on Wednesday, with a slight chance on Thursday.

                      [ https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm ]



                      160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Thursday.



                      40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0015Z Thursday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday .


                      30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded on Wednesday and mildly degraded on Thursday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                      20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded on Wednesday and mildly degraded on Thursday..


                      17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded on Wednesday and mildly degraded on Thursday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday.



                      12 and 10 meter propagation is likely to moderately degraded on Wednesday and mildly degraded on Thursday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday. Thermally driven high velocity winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral oxygen available for daytime ionization degrading daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.



                      There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of sporadic-E propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: [ http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf | http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf ]

                      Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic

                      storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.



                      Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 76 minutes earlier and sunset is 56 minutes later than on March 20th . Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.



                      EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at

                      [ https://earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-ac...aurora-updates | earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates ]




                      Dr. Tamitha Skov’s latest space weather news is posted at

                      [ https://twitter.com/TamithaSkov | twitter.com/TamithaSkov ]



                      Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at

                      [ https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html | https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html ]


                      SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at [ http://www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png | www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png ]




                      The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated every day at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at

                      [ http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php | http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php ]

                      SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at [ https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png/ | https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png ]




                      UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422 | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422 ]




                      UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at

                      [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated ]




                      UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at

                      [ https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated | https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated ]


                      N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at

                      [ http://www.hamqsl.com/solar.html | www.hamqsl.com/solar.html ]



                      KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at

                      [ https://prop.kc2g.com/ | https://prop.kc2g.com ]

                      SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength , solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at

                      [ http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot | http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot ]



                      SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at [ http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest | http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest ]





                      73 Al 4L5A

                      Comment

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