HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely
to be normal with a chance of isolated nighttime minor degradations
on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
HF propagation crossing mid and low latitudes is likely to be normal
on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
The 2300Z Sunday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 154.
There is a chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern tier of
U.S. states to South America. There is a slight chance of oblique TEP
propagation to the South Pacific through late April. There is a chance that
unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may briefly
couple some lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP and oblique-TEP
propagation through late-April.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to
south and southeast east Asia is likely to be normal on Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday.
This forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX.
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one stable medium active region, one decaying medium active region and seven small active regions. There are 29 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 420 micro-solar hemispheres (approximately three times the surface area of the Earth).
www.solarham.com/regions.htm
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 400 km/second or less through Wednesday.
Quiet to unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Monday, mostly quiet on Tuesday and quiet on Wednesday.
There is a chance that M-class solar flares may cause brief periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday. 160 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until after sunset.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2350Z is likely to be mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal on Monday, normal on Tuesday and mostly normal on Wednesday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday. 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal during Monday and Tuesday and normal on Wednesday.
There is a very slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 57 minutes earlier and sunset is 39 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely
to be mostly normal with a chance of brief degraded intervals on
Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be normal with a
chance of brief degraded intervals on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be
normal on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
The 2300Z Thursday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 169.
The late Thursday SILSO Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN) was 203.
There is a chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern tier of
U.S. states to South America. There is a slight chance of oblique TEP
propagation to the South Pacific through late April. There is a chance that
unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may briefly
couple some lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP and oblique-TEP
propagation through late-April.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to south
and southeast east Asia is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, Saturday
and Sunday.
This forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX.
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one stable medium active region and ten small active regions. There are 42 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 600 micro-solar hemispheres (approximately four times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 500 km/second or less through Sunday.
Quiet to unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Friday, mostly quiet on Saturday and quiet to unsettled with brief active intervals on Sunday.
There is a chance that M-class solar flares may cause periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth during Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal during Friday, Saturday and Sunday. 160 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until after sunset.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2350Z is likely to be normal on Friday and Saturday and mostly normal on Sunday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, normal on Saturday and mostly normal on Sunday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
There is a very slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 55 minutes earlier and sunset is 37 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal
on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
The 2300Z Sunday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 169.
There is a chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America. There is a slight chance of oblique TEP propagation to the South Pacific through late April. There is a chance that unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may briefly couple some lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP and oblique-TEP propagation through late-April.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to south and southeast east Asia is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
This forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX.
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has two stable medium active regions and six small active regions. There are 52 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 700 micro-solar hemispheres (approximately four times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 500 km/second through early Saturday when it is likely to decline to about 400 km/second.
Quiet to unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
There is a chance that M-class solar flares may cause periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth during Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal during Thursday, Friday and Saturday. 160 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until after sunset.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2350Z is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Thursday and normal on Friday and Saturday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
There is a very slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 53 minutes earlier and sunset is 35 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal with mildly degraded intervals during local nighttime hours
on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
HF propagation crossing mid and low latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
The 2300Z Sunday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 162.
The late Monday SILSO Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN) was 174.
There is a chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern tier of
U.S. states to South America. There is a slight chance of oblique TEP
propagation to the South Pacific through late April. There is a chance
that unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may
briefly couple some lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP and oblique-TEP
propagation through late-April.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to south
and southeast east Asia is likely to be mostly normal with mildly degraded
intervals during local nighttime hours on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
This forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX .
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has two decaying medium active regions, and seven small active regions. There are 52 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 610 micro-solar hemispheres (approximately four times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 600 km/second through at least early Friday,
Mostly unsettled to active geomagnetic conditions are likely on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
There is a chance that M-class solar flares may cause periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth during Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal during Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. 1 60 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until after sunset.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2330Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0900Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal with mildly degraded intervals during local nighttime hours on
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal with mildly degraded intervals during local nighttime hours on
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal with mildly degraded i ntervals during local nighttime hours on
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be
mostly normal with mildly degraded intervals during local nighttime hours on
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal with mildly degraded intervals during local nighttime hours on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mildly degraded during local nighttime hours on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
There is a very slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 52 minutes earlier and sunset is 34 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mildly to moderately degraded especially during local nighttime hours
through midday Wednesday, improving to mildly degraded through
midday Thursday then becoming mostly normal after midday Thursday.
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
to mildly degraded on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.
The 2300Z Sunday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 159.
There is a chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern tier of
U.S. states to South America. There is a slight chance of oblique TEP
propagation to the South Pacific through late April. There is a chance
that unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may
briefly couple some lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP propagation
through late-April.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to south
and southeast east Asia is likely to be mildly degraded during local
nighttime hours through late Thursday.
This forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX .
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one decaying large active region, one decaying medium active region, and four small active regions. There are 57 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 800 micro-solar hemispheres (approximately five times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 600 km/second through midday Thursday, then steadily declining to about 450 km/second or less from midday through late Thursday.
Brief periods of minor geomagnetic storm conditions are likely from early Tuesday through early Wednesday; otherwise, unsettled to active geomagnetic conditions are likely from early Tuesday through midday Thursday.
There is a chance that M-class solar flares may cause periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth during Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal during Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. 1 60 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until after sunset.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2330Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Tuesday then mostly normal on Wednesday and normal on Thursday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0900Z is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded on Tuesday and mildly degraded on Wednesday and Thursday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mildly to moderately degraded during local nighttime hours through early Wednesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Thursday. Mostly normal propagation is likely after midday Thursday. 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mildly to moderately degraded during local nighttime hours through early Wednesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Thursday. Mostly normal propagation is likely after midday Thursday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded during local nighttime hours through early Wednesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Thursday. Mostly normal propagation is likely after midday Thursday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded during local nighttime hours through early Wednesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Thursday. Mostly normal propagation is likely after midday Thursday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to mildly to moderately degraded during local nighttime hours through early Wednesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Thursday. Mostly normal propagation is likely after midday Thursday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mildly to moderately degraded during local nighttime hours through early Wednesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Thursday. Mostly normal propagation is likely after midday Thursday.
There is a slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 50 minutes earlier and sunset is 33 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
slightly degraded through midday Tuesday then becoming mildly to
moderately degraded mostly during local nighttime hours through
early Wednesday. Mild degradation is likely from midday through
late Wednesday.
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal
on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
The 2300Z Sunday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 157 .
The late Sunday SILSO Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN)
was 149.
Occasional 6 meter TEP propagation is likely from the southern tier of
U.S. states to South America. There is a very slight chance of oblique
TEP propagation to the South Pacific through late April. There is a
chance that unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation
may briefly couple some lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP propagation
through late-April.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to south
and southeast east Asia is likely to be mostly normal through midday
Tuesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours
through late Wednesday.
This forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX .
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one decaying large active region, one decaying medium active region, and four small active regions. There are 38 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 790 micro-solar hemispheres (approximately five times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 450 km/second from early Monday through midday Tuesday, rising above 500 km/second through midday Wednesday, then steadily declining to about 450 km/second from midday through late Wednesday.
Quiet to active geomagnetic conditions are likely from early Monday through midday Tuesday. Minor to moderate geomagnetic storm conditions are likely from midday Tuesday through midday Wednesday. Brief periods of minor geomagnetic storm conditions are likely from midday through late Wednesday
M-class solar flares are likely to cause periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. 1 60 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until after sunset
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2330Z is likely to be mostly normal on Monday, mildly to moderately degraded on Tuesday then mildly degraded after midday Wednesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0900Z is likely to be mostly normal on Monday and mildly to moderately degraded on Tuesday and mildly degraded on Wednesday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal through midday Tuesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through early Wednesday. 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal through midday Tuesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Wednesday. Mostly normal to mildly degraded propagation is likely after midday Wednesday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through midday Tuesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Wednesday. Mostly normal to mildly degraded propagation is likely after midday Wednesday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal through midday Tuesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Wednesday. Mostly normal long path propagation is likely after midday Wednesday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through midday Tuesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Wednesday. Mostly normal to mildly degraded propagation is likely after midday Wednesday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal through midday Tuesday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Wednesday. Mostly normal long path propagation is likely after midday Wednesday.
There is a slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 49 minutes earlier and sunset is 32 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions
is likely to be mostly normal through midday Friday, then becoming
mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Saturday.
Mostly normal propagation is likely from midday Saturday through late Sunday.
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
through late Friday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime
hours through midday Saturday. Mostly normal propagation is likely from
midday Saturday through midday Sunday, then improving to normal
through late Sunday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal on
Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
The 2300Z Wednesday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 178 .
The early Friday SILSO Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN) was 175.
There is an improved chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern
tier of U.S. states to South America and chance of oblique TEP propagation
to the South Pacific through mid-April. There is a chance that unreliable
geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may briefly couple some
lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP propagation through mid-April.
Disturbed geomagnetic conditions and geomagnetic storms are about
twice as likely, more severe and longer lasting during the equinox season
through mid-April than during the usually geomagnetically quiet
summer and winter solstice seasons.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to south
and southeast east Asia is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday,
then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through
midday Saturday. Mostly normal propagation is likely from midday
Saturday through late Sunday.
This forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX .
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one slightly decaying large active region, two stable medium active regions, and four small active regions. There are 54 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 930 micro-solar hemispheres (approximately six times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to steadily remain at about 450 km/second from early Friday through early Saturday, rising to about 500 km/second or more through midday Saturday then steadily declining to about 400 km/second from late Saturday through late Sunday.
Mostly unsettled to active geomagnetic conditions are likely from Friday through early Saturday. Unsettled to active conditions are likely from early through early Saturday. Brief minor geomagnetic storm conditions are likely during early Saturday. Quiet to unsettled conditions are likely from midday Saturday through early Sunday. Mostly quiet conditions are likely from before midday through late Sunday.
There is a slight chance that an S1-class minor solar energetic proton radiation storm may slightly degrade propagation crossing the polar regions during Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
M-class solar flares are expected to cause periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth during Friday. Saturday and Sunday. There is a chance that X-class solar flares may cause about an hour of isolated radio blackouts of propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth on Friday and Saturday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal during Friday, mostly normal during Saturday and normal during Sunday. 1 60 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until after sunset
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2330Z is likely to be mostly normal on Friday and Saturday and normal on Sunday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0900Z is likely to be mostly normal on Friday and Saturday and normal on Sunday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal through midday Friday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Saturday. Mostly normal propagation is likely from midday Saturday through late Sunday. 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal through midday Friday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Saturday. Mostly normal propagation is likely from midday Saturday through late Sunday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through midday Friday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Saturday. Mostly normal propagation is likely from midday Saturday through late Sunday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Saturday. Mostly normal long path propagation is likely from midday Saturday through late Sunday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to mostly normal through late Friday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Saturday. Mostly normal propagation is likely from midday Saturday through late Sunday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal through late Friday, then becoming mildly degraded during local nighttime hours through midday Saturday. Mostly normal long path propagation is likely from midday Saturday through late Sunday.
There is a slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 22 minutes earlier and sunset is 15 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal but mildly degraded during local nighttime hours during
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
during Monday and Tuesday improving to normal on Wednesday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal
on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
The 2300Z Sunday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 171 .
The late Sunday SILSO Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN) was 124.
There is an improved chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern
tier of U.S. states to South America and chance of oblique TEP propagation
to the South Pacific for at least the next few weeks. There is a chance tha
unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may couple some
lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP propagation for at least the next few weeks.
Disturbed geomagnetic conditions and geomagnetic storms are about
twice as likely, more severe and longer lasting during the equinox season
through mid-April than during the usually geomagnetically quiet summer
and winter solstice seasons.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to
south and southeast east Asia is likely to be mostly normal on
Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
This forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX .
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one growing large active region, on growing medium active region, one stable active region and three small active regions. There are 51 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 810 micro-solar hemispheres (about five times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 400 km/second or less on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Quiet with brief isolated unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
S1-class minor solar energetic particle radiation storms that degrade propagation crossing the south polar region are unlikely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 400 km/second or less on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Quiet with brief isolated unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
S1-class minor solar energetic particle radiation storms that degrade propagation crossing the south polar region are unlikely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 400 km/second or less on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Quiet with brief isolated unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
S1-class minor solar energetic particle radiation storms that degrade propagation crossing the south polar region are unlikely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 400 km/second or less on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Quiet with brief isolated unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
S1-class minor solar energetic particle radiation storms that degrade propagation crossing the south polar region are unlikely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain at about 400 km/second or less on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Quiet with brief isolated unsettled geomagnetic conditions are likely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
S1-class minor solar energetic particle radiation storms that degrade propagation crossing the south polar region are unlikely on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
M-class solar flares are likely to cause periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. There is a slight chance that X-class solar flares may cause about an hour of isolated radio blackouts of propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. 160 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always mildly to moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until sunset or later.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2330Z is likely to be mostly normal on Monday, improving to normal on Tuesday and Wednesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0900Z is likely to be normal on Monday, mostly normal on Tuesday improving to normal on Wednesday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but mildly degraded during local nighttime hours during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday . 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mostly normal but mildly degraded during local nighttime hours during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but mildly degraded during local nighttime hours during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal but mildly degraded during local nighttime hours during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mostly normal during Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
There is a slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 16 minutes earlier and sunset is 11 minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mildly degraded on Friday, and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday.
There is a chance that isolated periods of geomagnetic storming may
moderately degrade propagation during local nighttime hours early Friday.
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
on Friday and normal on Saturday and Sunday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal on
Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
The 2300Z Thursday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 161 .
The late Thursday SILSO Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN) was 82.
There is an improved chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern
tier of U.S. states to South America and chance of oblique TEP propagation
to the South Pacific for at least the next few weeks. There is a chance that
unreliable geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may couple
some lucky mid-latitude stations into TEP propagation for at least the
next few weeks.
Disturbed geomagnetic conditions and geomagnetic storms are about
twice as likely, more severe and longer lasting during the equinox season
through mid-April than during the usually geomagnetically quiet summer
and winter solstice seasons.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to
south and southeast east Asia is likely to be mildly degraded on Friday,
and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday.
This forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX .
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one growing medium active region and four small active regions. There are 22 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 160 micro-solar hemispheres (about the same surface area as the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain above 500 km/second on Friday declining below 500 km/second on Saturday, then further declining to about 400 km/second on Sunday.
Active geomagnetic conditions are likely on Friday, improving to quiet to unsettled on Saturday and Sunday. There is a chance of isolated minor geomagnetic storms early Friday due to coronal hole high speed stream effects.
S1-class minor solar energetic particle radiation storms that degrade propagation crossing the south polar region are unlikely on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
There is a chance that M-class solar flares may cause isolated periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. No X-class solar flares that typically cause about an hour of isolated radio blackouts of propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth are likely on Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal during Friday, Saturday and Sunday. 160 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always mildly to moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until sunset or later.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2330Z is likely to be moderately degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0900Z is likely to be moderately degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mildly degraded on Friday, and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday . 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
mildly degraded on Friday, and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday,
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mildly degraded on Friday, and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday . Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mildly degraded on Friday, and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mildly degraded on Friday, and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be mildly degraded on Friday, and mostly normal on Saturday and Sunday.
There is a slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 12 minutes earlier and sunset is eight minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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HF propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
moderately degraded on Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and
mostly normal on Saturday. There is a chance that isolated periods
of geomagnetic storming may moderately degrade propagation during
local nighttime hours until midday Friday,
HF propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mildly disturbed
on Thursday and Friday and mostly normal on Saturday.
HF propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
The 2300Z Wednesday Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 155 .
The early Thursday SILSO Estimated International Sunspot Number (EISN) was 95.
There is an improved chance of 6 meter TEP propagation from the southern
tier of U.S. states to South America and chance of oblique TEP propagation
to the South Pacific for at least the next few weeks. There is a chance that
geographically focused sporadic-E propagation may couple some lucky
mid-latitude stations into TEP propagation for at least the next few weeks.
Disturbed geomagnetic conditions and geomagnetic storms are about twic
as likely, more severe and longer lasting during the equinox season through
mid-April than during the usually geomagnetically quiet summer and winter
solstice seasons.
40 through 10 meter long path propagation from North America to south and
southeast east Asia is likely to be moderately degraded normal on
Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday.
This forecast derived from today 's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX .
All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.
The visible solar disk has one stable medium active region and three small active regions. There are 29 sunspots on the visible disk with a total sunspot area of 415 micro-solar hemispheres (about three times the surface area of the Earth).
Solar wind velocity is likely to remain mostly above 600 km/second on Thursday declining to about 500 km/second on Friday, then further declining to below 500 km/second on Saturday.
Active geomagnetic conditions are likely through late Friday, improving to quiet to unsettled during Saturday. There is a chance of minor geomagnetic storms through Friday due to expected coronal hole high speed stream effects.
S1-class minor solar energetic particle radiation storms that degrade propagation crossing the south polar region are unlikely on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
There is a chance that M-class solar flares may cause isolated periods of minor blackouts of HF propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. No X-class solar flares that typically cause about an hour of isolated radio blackouts of propagation paths crossing the sunlit side of the Earth are likely on Thursday, Friday and Saturday.
160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be mostly normal during Thursday, Friday and Saturday. 160 and 80 meter long distance propagation in the northern hemisphere is always mildly to moderately degraded by E region blanketing of low angle F2 propagation until sunset or later.
40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia after about 2330Z is likely to be moderately degraded on Thursday and Friday mostly normal on Saturday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0900Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Thursday and Friday and mostly normal on Saturday.
30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded on Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday . 30 meter long distance propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of low angle long distance F2 propagation.
20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be
moderately degraded on Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday.
17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded on Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday . Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be moderately degraded on Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday.
12 and 10 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be moderately degraded on Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday. Long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia is likely to be moderately degraded on Thursday, mildly degraded on Friday and mostly normal on Saturday.
There is a slight chance of enhanced 6 meter propagation crossing low latitudes from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement.
Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.
Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is ten minutes earlier and sunset is six minutes later than it was on March 20th.
Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the daytime absorbing D region.
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