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W3LPL Propagation forecast

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    Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal through Friday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal through midday Friday then normal through late Friday.
    __________________________________________________ _____________

    The Thursday April 18th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

    The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 216 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Friday.
    http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

    SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 207 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Friday.
    https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

    The visible solar disk has one large, two medium, seven small and two very small active regions containing 79 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1150 micro solar hemispheres (about seven times the surface area of the Earth).
    www.solarham.net/regions.htm

    Solar wind speed is likely to be slightly enhanced at about 400 km/second or less through midday Friday due to effects of multiple weak CMEs then declining to near background levels
    https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

    Geomagnetic activity is likely to be mostly unsettled to active on Thursday due to effects of multiple weak CMEs, improving to mostly quiet to unsettled through midday Friday, and further improving to quiet through late Friday. There is a chance of a minor geomagnetic storm before midday Thursday due to CME effects.
    https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections
    https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

    Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are likely through Friday. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts caused by X-class solar flares through Friday.
    https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts

    There is a slight chance that minor solar radiation storms may affect HF propagation crossing polar regions through Friday.
    https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm

    160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Friday.

    40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z Friday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Thursday and normal on Friday.

    30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through Friday with a chance of mild degradations early Thursday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

    20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through Friday with a chance of mild degradations early Thursday.

    17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through Friday with a chance of mild degradations early Thursday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Thursday and normal on Friday.

    12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal through Friday with a chance of mild degradations early Thursday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mildly degraded on Thursday and normal on Friday. High altitude thermally driven summer winds blowing from the dayside F2 region to the nightside F2 region reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer.

    There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0100Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

    Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

    Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 44 minutes earlier and sunset is 32 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

    EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
    earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

    Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
    https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

    SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

    The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
    http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

    SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.gov/image...on-k-index.png

    UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

    UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
    https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

    UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
    https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

    N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
    www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

    KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
    https://prop.kc2g.com

    SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

    SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

    GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
    https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

    SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
    www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

    Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
    www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

    Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
    http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
    73 Al 4L5A

    Comment

    •  

      Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal through Sunday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal through late Sunday with a chance of minor degradation from 0300-0600Z Sunday.
      __________________________________________________ _____________

      The Friday April 19th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

      The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 219 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Sunday.
      http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

      SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 214 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Sunday.
      https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

      The visible solar disk has six medium, five small and three very small active regions containing 107 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1380 micro solar hemispheres (about eight times the surface area of the Earth). This is the most significant surge in sunspot activity since January 2023.
      www.solarham.net/regions.htm

      Solar wind speed is likely to be near background levels of less than 400 km/second through midday Saturday then slightly enhanced to 400 km/second or more through Sunday due to coronal hole high speed stream effects and the effects of multiple weak CMEs.
      https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

      Geomagnetic activity is likely to be mostly quiet with a chance of brief intervals of unsettled to active conditions through midday Saturday. Mostly unsettled conditions are likely through midday Sunday with a chance of active conditions mainly from 0300-0600Z Sunday. Mostly quiet geomagnetic conditions are likely after midday Sunday. There is a chance of a minor geomagnetic storm from midday Saturday to midday Sunday due to the weak CME effects.
      https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections
      https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

      Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are likely through Sunday. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts caused by X-class solar flares through Sunday.
      https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts

      There is a slight chance that minor solar radiation storms may affect HF propagation crossing polar regions through Sunday.
      https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm

      160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Sunday.

      40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly after 0000Z Saturday and mostly normal after 0000Z Sunday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be normal on Friday and Saturday and mostly normal on Sunday.

      30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal through midday Saturday. There is a chance of mild propagation degradations from midday Saturday through midday Sunday, improving to normal after midday Sunday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

      20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal through midday Saturday. There is a chance of mild propagation degradations from midday Saturday through midday Sunday, improving to normal after midday Sunday.

      17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal through midday Saturday. There is a chance of mild propagation degradations from midday Saturday through midday Sunday, improving to normal after midday Sunday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal on Friday, mostly normal on Saturday and normal on Sunday.

      12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be normal through midday Saturday. There is a chance of mild propagation degradations from midday Saturday through midday Sunday, improving to normal after midday Sunday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal on Friday, mostly normal on Saturday and normal on Sunday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation mostly from late spring through late summer.

      There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0100Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

      Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

      Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 48 minutes earlier and sunset is 32 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

      EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
      earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

      Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
      https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

      SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

      The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
      http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

      SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.gov/image...on-k-index.png

      UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

      UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
      https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

      UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
      https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

      N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
      www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

      KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
      https://prop.kc2g.com

      SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

      SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

      GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
      https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

      SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
      www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

      Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
      www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

      Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
      http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
      73 Al 4L5A

      Comment

      •  

        Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal through Tuesday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be normal through early Tuesday slightly degrading to mostly normal through late Tuesday __________________________________________________ _____________

        The Monday April 22nd W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

        The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 210 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Tuesday.
        http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

        SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 218 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Tuesday.
        https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

        The visible solar disk has four medium, five small and eight very small active regions containing 107 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1340 micro solar hemispheres (about eight times the surface area of the Earth). We’re in the midst of the most significant upsurge in sunspot activity since January 2023.
        www.solarham.net/regions.htm

        Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly enhanced at about 450 km/second through Tuesday due to coronal hole high speed stream effects and the effects of multiple weak CMEs.
        https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

        Geomagnetic activity is likely to be mostly quiet through early Tuesday then mostly unsettled to active through late Tuesday. There is a chance of a minor geomagnetic storm during midday Tuesday due to coronal hole high speed stream effects and the effects of multiple weak CMEs. https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections
        https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

        Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are likely through Tuesday. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by X-class solar flares through Tuesday.
        https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts

        There is a slight chance that minor solar radiation storms may affect HF propagation crossing polar regions through Tuesday.
        https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm

        160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Tuesday.

        40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be normal after 0000Z Tuesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be normal on Monday and mostly normal on Tuesday.

        30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal through early Tuesday slightly degrading to mostly normal through late Tuesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

        20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal through early Tuesday slightly degrading to mostly normal through late Tuesday.

        17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal through early Tuesday slightly degrading to mostly normal through late Tuesday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal on Monday and mostly normal on Tuesday.

        12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be normal through early Tuesday slightly degrading to mostly normal through late Tuesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal on Monday and mostly normal on Tuesday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation mostly from late spring through late summer.

        There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, YJ, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

        Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

        Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 51 minutes earlier and sunset is 34 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

        EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
        earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

        Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
        https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

        SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

        The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
        http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

        SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

        UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

        UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
        https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

        UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
        https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

        N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
        www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

        KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
        https://prop.kc2g.com

        SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
        http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

        SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

        GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
        https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

        SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
        www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

        Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
        www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

        Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
        http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
        73 Al 4L5A

        Comment

        •  

          Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal through Wednesday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal improving to normal by midday Wednesday __________________________________________________ _____________

          The Tuesday April 23rd W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

          The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 231 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Wednesday.
          http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

          SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 268 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Wednesday.
          https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

          The visible solar disk has three medium, four small and ten very small active regions containing 113 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1280 micro solar hemispheres (about eight times the surface area of the Earth). We’re in the midst of the most significant upsurge in sunspot activity since January 2023.
          www.solarham.net/regions.htm

          Solar wind speed is likely to be near background levels of about 400 km/second or less through Wednesday because of coronal hole high speed stream effects and the effects of multiple weak CMEs.
          https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

          Geomagnetic activity is likely to be unsettled to active, improving to quiet to unsettled by midday Wednesday. There is a chance of a minor geomagnetic storm during Tuesday and a slight chance during Wednesday because of the effects of multiple weak CMEs.
          https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections
          https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

          Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are expected through Wednesday. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by X-class solar flares through Wednesday.
          https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts

          There is a chance that minor solar radiation storms and a slight chance the stronger solar radiation storms may affect HF propagation crossing polar regions through Wednesday.
          https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm

          160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Wednesday.

          40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z Wednesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal on Tuesday and normal on Wednesday.

          30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal, improving to normal by midday Wednesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

          20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal, improving to normal by midday Wednesday.

          17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal, improving to normal by midday Wednesday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal on Tuesday and normal on Wednesday.

          12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal, improving to normal by midday Wednesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal on Tuesday and normal on Wednesday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation mostly from late spring through late summer.

          There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

          Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
          storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

          Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 52 minutes earlier and sunset is 35 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

          EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
          earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

          Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
          https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

          SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

          The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
          http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

          SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

          UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

          UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
          https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

          UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
          https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

          N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
          www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

          KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
          https://prop.kc2g.com

          SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
          http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

          SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

          GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
          https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

          SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
          www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

          Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
          www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

          Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
          http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
          73 Al 4L5A

          Comment

          •  

            Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal through Thursday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be normal degrading to mostly normal with possible below normal intervals by midday Thursday __________________________________________________ _____________

            The Wednesday April 24th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

            The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 219 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Thursday.
            http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

            SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 280 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Thursday.
            https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

            The visible solar disk has eight medium, one small and six very small active regions containing 132 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1470 micro solar hemispheres (about nine times the surface area of the Earth). We’re in the midst of the most significant upsurge in sunspot activity since January 2023.
            www.solarham.net/regions.htm

            Solar wind speed is likely to be near background levels of about 400 km/second or less through early Thursday mildly increasing to above 400 km/second by midday Thursday because of coronal hole high speed stream effects and the possible effects of glancing blows by multiple weak CMEs.
            https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

            Geomagnetic activity is likely to be quiet to unsettled, degrading to unsettled to active by Thursday. There is a slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm late Wednesday and an increasing chance by midday Thursday because of the possible effects of glancing blows by multiple weak CMEs.
            https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections
            https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

            Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are expected through Thursday. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by X-class solar flares through Thursday.
            https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts

            There is a chance that minor solar radiation storms may affect HF propagation crossing polar regions through Thursday.
            https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm

            160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Thursday.

            40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z Thursday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be normal on Wednesday and mostly below normal on Thursday.

            30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal degrading to mostly normal with possible below normal intervals by midday Thursday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

            20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal degrading to mostly normal with possible below normal intervals by midday Thursday.

            17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal degrading to mostly normal with possible below normal intervals by midday Thursday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal on Wednesday and mostly below normal on Thursday.

            12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be normal degrading to mostly normal with possible below normal intervals by midday Thursday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal on Wednesday and mostly below normal on Thursday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation mostly from late spring through late summer.

            There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

            Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
            storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

            Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 53 minutes earlier and sunset is 36 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

            EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
            earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

            Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
            https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

            SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

            The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
            http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

            SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

            UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

            UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
            https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated
            UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
            https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

            N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
            www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

            KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
            https://prop.kc2g.com

            SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
            http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

            SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

            GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
            https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

            SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
            www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

            Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
            www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

            Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
            http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
            73 Al 4L5A

            Comment

            •  

              Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal through Friday. Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal through Friday. Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Friday
              __________________________________________________ _____________

              The Thursday April 25th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

              The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 193 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Friday.
              http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

              SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 261 and is likely to remain mostly unchanged through Friday.
              https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

              The visible solar disk has six medium, five small and five very small active regions containing 123 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1500 micro solar hemispheres (about nine times the surface area of the Earth). The most significant upsurge in sunspot activity since January 2023 is steadily declining as the most active sunspots have rotated behind the visible solar disk.
              www.solarham.net/regions.htm

              Solar wind speed is likely to be near background levels of about 400 km/second or less through about midday Thursday, mildly increasing to above 400 km/second through midday Friday because of coronal hole high speed stream effects and the effects of glancing blows by multiple weak CMEs.
              https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

              Geomagnetic activity is likely to be unsettled to active through Friday. There is a slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm from late Thursday through midday Friday because of the possible effects of glancing blows by multiple weak CMEs.
              https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections
              https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

              Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are expected through Friday. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by X-class solar flares through Friday.
              https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts

              There is a slight chance that minor solar radiation storms may weakly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Friday.
              https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm

              160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Friday.

              40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly below normal after 0000Z Friday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals on Thursday and mostly normal on Friday.

              30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Friday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

              20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Friday.

              17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Friday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly below normal on Thursday and mostly normal on Friday.

              12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Friday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly below normal on Thursday and mostly normal on Friday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation mostly from late spring through late summer.

              There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

              Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
              storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

              Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 55 minutes earlier and sunset is 37 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

              EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
              earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

              Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
              https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

              SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

              The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
              http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

              SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

              UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

              UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
              https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

              UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
              https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

              N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
              www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

              KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
              https://prop.kc2g.com

              SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
              http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

              SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

              GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
              https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

              SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
              www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

              Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
              www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

              Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
              http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
              73 Al 4L5A

              Comment

              •  

                Propagation crossing low latitudes is likely to be normal through Sunday.
                Propagation crossing mid latitudes is likely to be mostly normal through Sunday
                Propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
                with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Sunday
                __________________________________________________ _____________

                The Friday April 26th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX.
                All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

                The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 167 and is likely to decline to about 135 on Sunday.
                http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

                SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 161 and is likely to decline through Sunday.
                https://www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                The visible solar disk has five medium, four small and five very small active regions containing 71 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 1070 micro solar hemispheres (about six times the surface area of the Earth). The most significant upsurge in sunspot activity since January 2023 has come to an end as the most active sunspots have rotated behind the visible solar disk.
                www.solarham.net/regions.htm

                Solar wind speed is likely to be near background levels of about 400 km/second or less through about midday Thursday, mildly increasing to above 400 km/second through midday Sunday caused by possible effects of multiple weak CMEs in close proximity to the Earth. https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

                Geomagnetic activity is likely to be unsettled to active through Sunday. There is a slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm early Sunday caused by possible effects of multiple weak CMEs in close proximity to the Earth.
                https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...mass-ejections
                https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

                Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are expected through Sunday. There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by X-class solar flares through Sunday.
                https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adio-blackouts

                There is a chance that minor solar radiation storms may weakly degrade HF propagation crossing polar regions through Sunday.
                https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/...adiation-storm

                160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Sunday.

                40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z through Sunday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal through Sunday.

                30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Sunday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Sunday.

                17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Sunday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal through Sunday.

                12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal with below normal intervals during local nighttime hours early Sunday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal through Sunday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation mostly from late spring through late summer.

                There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

                Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
                storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

                Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 57 minutes earlier and sunset is 39 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

                EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
                earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

                Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
                https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

                SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
                http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

                SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

                UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

                UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
                https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

                UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
                https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

                N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
                www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

                KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
                https://prop.kc2g.com

                SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
                http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

                SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

                GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
                https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

                SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
                www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

                Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
                www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

                Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
                http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
                73 Al 4L5A

                Comment

                •  

                  Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal and propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal through Tuesday.
                  __________________________________________________ _____________

                  The Monday April 29th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

                  The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 143 and is likely to decline to about 135 by Tuesday
                  http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

                  SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 121 and is likely to decline slightly through Tuesday.
                  www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                  The visible solar disk has one large, three small and four very small active regions containing 39 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 510 micro solar hemispheres (about three times the surface area of the Earth).
                  www.solarham.net/regions.htm

                  Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 450 km/second or more through Tuesday caused by coronal hole high speed stream effects and possible effects of multiple weak CMEs passing in close proximity to the Earth.
                  www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

                  Geomagnetic activity is likely to be mostly quiet with brief mildly unsettled intervals through Tuesday. There is a very slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm caused by possible effects of multiple weak CMEs passing in close proximity to the Earth through Tuesday.
                  http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
                  www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

                  Minor to moderate radio blackouts on the sunlit side of the Earth caused by M-class solar flares are expected through Tuesday.
                  http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

                  Solar radiation storms degrading HF propagation crossing polar regions are not expected through Tuesday.
                  http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

                  160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Tuesday.

                  40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be normal after 0000Z Tuesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be mostly normal on Monday and normal on Tuesday.

                  30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through Tuesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                  20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through Tuesday.

                  17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be mostly normal through Tuesday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal through Tuesday.

                  12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal through Tuesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal through Tuesday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation mostly from late spring through late summer.

                  There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

                  Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
                  storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

                  Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 60 minutes earlier and sunset is 41 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

                  EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
                  earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

                  Space Weather News is published every Wednesday at
                  www.patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman

                  Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
                  https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

                  SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                  The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
                  http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

                  SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

                  UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422
                  UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
                  https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

                  UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
                  https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

                  N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
                  www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

                  KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
                  https://prop.kc2g.com

                  SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
                  http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

                  SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

                  GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
                  https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

                  SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
                  www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

                  Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
                  www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

                  Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
                  http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
                  73 Al 4L5A

                  Comment

                  •  

                    Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal and propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be normal on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday.
                    __________________________________________________ _____________

                    The Tuesday April 30th W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX. All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

                    The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 134 and is likely to remain about the same through Wednesday
                    http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

                    SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 121 and is likely to decline slightly through Wednesday.
                    www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                    The visible solar disk has one large, three small and two very small active regions containing 28 sunspots with a total sunspot area of 650 micro solar hemispheres (about four times the surface area of the Earth).
                    www.solarham.net/regions.htm

                    Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 450 km/second through Wednesday caused by coronal hole high speed stream effects.
                    www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

                    Geomagnetic activity is likely to be mostly quiet degrading to unsettled to active after early Wednesday. There is a very slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm late Wednesday.
                    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
                    www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

                    There is a chance through Wednesday of minor to moderate radio blackouts caused by M-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth.
                    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

                    Solar radiation storms degrading HF propagation crossing polar regions are not expected through Wednesday.
                    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

                    160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Wednesday.

                    40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East and south Asia is likely to be normal after 0000Z Wednesday. Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after about 0930Z is likely to be normal on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday.

                    30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday. 30 meter propagation is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                    20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday.

                    17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions is likely to be normal on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday. 17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday.

                    12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be normal on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be normal on Tuesday degrading to mostly normal on Wednesday. Thermally driven summer winds in the F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime 12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through late summer

                    There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused 6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about 1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this propagation may be skewed towards the equator. There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8. 3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5, FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at: http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

                    Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
                    storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

                    Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 61 minutes earlier and sunset is 42 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

                    EarthSky’s Sun News is published daily at
                    earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

                    Space Weather News is published every Wednesday at
                    www.patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman

                    Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
                    https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

                    SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number is updated frequently at www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                    The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at:
                    http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

                    SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index is updated every three hours at https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

                    UK Met Office’s EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast is updated daily at https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

                    UK Met Office’s Solar Flare Forecast is updated daily at
                    https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

                    UK Met Office’s Solar Wind Forecast and CME Arrival Prediction is updated regularly at
                    https://swe.ssa.esa.int/metoffice-enlil-e-federated

                    N0NBH’s Current HF Band Conditions Report is updated regularly at
                    www.hamqsl.com/solar.html

                    KC2G’s Near-Real-Time Maps and Data about HF propagation are generated every 15 minutes, from near real time data usually only 5 to 20 minutes old at
                    https://prop.kc2g.com

                    SWPC’s Real Time 24 hour Geomagnetic Data including Bz orientation, IMF field strength, solar wind speed and near real time 30 minute forecasts are updated frequently at
                    http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/ge...-activity-plot

                    SIDC’s Daily Bulletin on Solar and Geomagnetic Activity is updated daily at 1230Z at http://www.sidc.be/spaceweatherservi...uct/meu/latest

                    GFZ-Potsdam’s three-day GFZ Planetary K Index Forecast is updated every three hours at
                    https://spaceweather.gfz-potsdam.de/...ecast-kp-index

                    SWPC’s Solar Activity Forecast and Discussion is updated daily at 0030Z and 1230Z at
                    www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/forecast-discussion

                    Australian Space Forecast Centre’s Summary and Forecast is updated daily at 2330Z at
                    www.sws.bom.gov.au/Space_Weather/1/1

                    Perhaps the most useful HF propagation pages for DXers can be found at
                    http://dx.qsl.net/propagation and www.solarham.net
                    73 Al 4L5A

                    Comment

                    •  

                      Propagation crossing low and mid latitudes is likely to be normal and
                      propagation crossing high latitudes is likely to be mostly normal
                      through Thursday.

                      The Wednesday May 1st W3LPL propagation forecast derived from today's
                      NOAA/SWPC web pages and 15 other online sources (the URLs at the
                      end of this forecast) is published five days a week (M-F) in The Daily DX.
                      All days and times in this forecast are in UTC (Zulu) time.

                      The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 133
                      and is likely to remain about the same through Thursday.
                      http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

                      SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 90
                      and is likely to remain about the same through Thursday.
                      www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                      The visible solar disk has one large, three small and one very small
                      active region containing 35 sunspots with a total sunspot area of
                      670 micro solar hemispheres (about four times the surface area of the Earth).
                      www.solarham.net/regions.htm

                      Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 450 km/second
                      through Thursday.
                      www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

                      Geomagnetic activity is likely to be quiet to unsettled on Wednesday
                      degrading to unsettled to active on Thursday.
                      There is a slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm early Thursday.
                      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
                      www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

                      Minor to moderate radio blackouts are likely through Thursday caused by
                      M-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth.
                      There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts through Thursday caused
                      by X-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the
                      Earth.
                      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

                      Solar radiation storms degrading HF propagation crossing polar regions
                      are not expected through Thursday.
                      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

                      160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and
                      the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Thursday.

                      40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East
                      and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z Thursday.
                      Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after
                      about 0930Z is likely to be normal mostly normal through Thursday.

                      30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions
                      is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday. 30 meter propagation
                      is always mildly to moderately degraded within several hours of local
                      noon by E-region blanketing of long distance low angle F2 propagation.

                      20 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions
                      is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday. Propagation crossing
                      northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of
                      darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July.

                      17 and 15 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions
                      is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday. Propagation crossing
                      northern high latitude regions is enhanced by the very brief hours of
                      darkness in the northern high latitude F2 region from May through July.
                      17 and 15 meter long path propagation from North America to southeast
                      and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely to be mostly normal
                      through Thursday.

                      12 and 10 meter long distance propagation is likely to be mostly normal
                      through Thursday. 12 and 10 meter long path propagation from North
                      America to southeast and east Asia from about 1200Z to 1400Z is likely
                      to be mostly normal through Thursday. Thermally driven high velocity
                      winds in the summer F2 region blowing from the dayside hemisphere
                      to the nightside hemisphere reduce the volume of neutral molecular
                      oxygen available for daytime ionization causing degraded daytime
                      12 and 10 meter long distance F2 propagation from late spring through
                      late summer.

                      There is a very slight chance of brief, isolated, geographically focused
                      6 meter above-the-MUF trans-Atlantic F2 propagation from about
                      1400-1600Z between mid-latitude U.S states and western Europe, this
                      above-the-MUF propagation may be skewed towards the equator.
                      There is a very slight chance of brief geographically focused 6 meter
                      F2 propagation enhanced by TEP over Africa from the southern tier of
                      US states to the Indian Ocean, equatorial and southern Africa (e.g., 3B8.
                      3B9, 7Q, D2, FR, V5, ZD7 and ZS) from about 1400-1800Z. There is a
                      chance of F2 trans-equatorial propagation (TEP) from the southern tier
                      of U.S. states to South America from about 2000-0200Z. There is a very
                      slight chance of above-the-MUF F2 propagation enhanced by oblique-TEP
                      from the southern tier of US states to the south Pacific (e.g., 3D2, 5W, E5,
                      FK, FO, VK4, VK9, ZL and ZL7) from about 2100-0200Z. There is a slight
                      chance that more northerly U.S. stations may couple into TEP and
                      oblique-TEP via geographically focused brief intervals of above-the-MUF
                      F2 propagation. TEP may be significantly enhanced from about 2000-0200Z
                      during the initial phase of strong to severe geomagnetic storms then
                      degrading several hours after initial enhancement. See K6MIO’s excellent
                      article on 6 meter TEP, oblique-TEP, TEP-related and mid-latitude
                      sporadic-E linking to TEP beginning on page 9 at
                      http://www.oh3ac.fi/QEX-2016-11.pdf

                      Sustained southward orientation (-Bz) of the north-south component of the
                      interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) plays a crucial but unpredictable role
                      in triggering all geomagnetic storms. Brief minor to moderate geomagnetic
                      storms may be gradually triggered when the IMF is sustained in a
                      southward orientation (-Bz) with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas
                      or more for at least a few hours coincident with the influence of a
                      geoeffective coronal hole high speed stream or CME. More frequent, longer
                      duration, minor to severe geomagnetic storms may be triggered suddenly
                      and unpredictably when the IMF is sustained in a southward orientation (-Bz)
                      with IMF field strength of about 5 nanoteslas or more for a period of several
                      hours or more coincident with the influence of a geoeffective CME and
                      solar wind speed of about 500 km/second or more.

                      Mid-latitude northern hemisphere sunrise is 62 minutes earlier
                      and sunset is 43 minutes later than on March 20th. Sunrise is about
                      two hours earlier and sunset is about two hours later at the altitude of
                      the refracting F2 region. Sunrise is about one hour earlier, and sunset
                      is about one hour later at the altitude of the absorbing D region.

                      EarthSky’s Sun News
                      is published daily at
                      earthsky.org/sun/sun-news-activity-solar-flare-cme-aurora-updates

                      Dr. Tamitha Skov’s Space Weather News
                      is published every Wednesday at
                      www.patreon.com/SpaceweatherWoman

                      Northwest Research Associate’s Table of Space Weather Indices
                      is updated 40 minutes after every hour at
                      https://spawx.nwra.com/spawx/env_latest.html

                      SILSO’s Estimated International Sunspot Number
                      is updated frequently at
                      www.sidc.be/silso/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                      The Penticton 10.7 cm solar flux index
                      is updated daily at 1700, 2000 and 2300Z at
                      http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...-5-flux-en.php

                      SWPC’s Estimated Planetary Kp Index
                      is updated every three hours at
                      https://services.swpc.noaa.go-index.png

                      UK Met Office's EUHFORIA solar wind report and forecast
                      is updated daily at
                      https://swe.ssa.esa.int/DOCS/portal_...#1708014964422

                      UK Met Office's Solar Flare Forecast
                      is updated daily at
                      https://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/ukmo-S109c-federated

                      The 2300Z Penticton 10.7 cm observed solar flux index was 133
                      and is likely to remain about the same through Thursday.
                      http://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/foreca...ux/sx-4-en.php

                      SILSO’s latest Estimated International Sunspot Number was 90
                      and is likely to remain about the same through Thursday.
                      www.sidc.be/SILSO/DATA/EISN/EISNcurrent.png

                      The visible solar disk has one large, three small and one very small
                      active region containing 35 sunspots with a total sunspot area of
                      670 micro solar hemispheres (about four times the surface area of the Earth).
                      www.solarham.net/regions.htm

                      Solar wind speed is likely to be mildly elevated at about 450 km/second
                      through Thursday.
                      www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/solar-wind

                      Geomagnetic activity is likely to be quiet to unsettled on Wednesday
                      degrading to unsettled to active on Thursday.
                      There is a slight chance of a minor geomagnetic storm early Thursday.
                      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/c...mass-ejections
                      www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/coronal-holes

                      Minor to moderate radio blackouts are likely through Thursday caused by
                      M-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the Earth.
                      There is a slight chance of strong radio blackouts through Thursday caused
                      by X-class solar flares affecting propagation crossing the sunlit side of the
                      Earth.
                      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adio-blackouts

                      Solar radiation storms degrading HF propagation crossing polar regions
                      are not expected through Thursday.
                      http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/s...adiation-storm

                      160 and 80 meter propagation from North America to VK/ZL and
                      the South Pacific is likely to be normal through Thursday.

                      40 meter short path propagation from North America to the Middle East
                      and south Asia is likely to be mostly normal after 0000Z Thursday.
                      Short path propagation between North America and east Asia after
                      about 0930Z is likely to be normal mostly normal through Thursday.

                      30 meter propagation crossing the auroral ovals and polar regions
                      is likely to be mostly normal through Thursday.

                      73 Al 4L5A

                      Comment

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